ELECTRICAL SAFETY

PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ELECTRICITY

Most of us have experienced some form of electric “shock” where electricity causes our body to experience pain or trauma. If we are fortunate, extent of  that experience is limited to tingles or jolt of pain from static electricity build-up discharging through our bodies. When we are working around electric circuits capable of delivering high power to loads, electric shock becomes much more serious issue, and pain is the least significant result of shock.

As electric current is conducted through a material, any opposition to that flow of electrons (resistance) results in a dissipation of energy, usually in the form of hear. This is the most basic and easy-to-understand effect of electricity on the living tissues; current makes it heat up. If the amount of heat generated is sufficient, the tissue may be burnt. The effect is physiologically the same as damage caused by open flame or other high temperature source of heat, except the electricity has the ability to burn tissue well beneath the skin of a victim, even burning internal organs.

Another effect of electric current on the body , perhaps the most significant of hazard, regards the nervous system. By “nervous system” I mean the network of special cells in the body called “nerve cells” or “neurons” which process and conduct multitude of signals responsible for regulation of many body functions. The brain spinal cord, and sensory motor organs in the body function together to allow it to sense, more respond , think and remember.

Nerve cells communities to each other by acting as “transducer” creating electrical signals ( very small voltage and current ) in response to the input of certain chemical compounds called neurotransmitters, releasing neurotransmitters when stimulated by electrical signals. If electric current of sufficient magnitude is conducted through a living creature (human or otherwise) its effect will be will be to override   tiny electrical impulses normally generated by the neurons, overloading the nervous system  preventing both reflex and volitional signal from being able to actuate muscles. Muscles triggered by an external (shock) current will involuntarily contract, and there’s nothing the victim can do it.

This problem is especially dangerous if the victim contacts an energized conductor with his or her hands. The forearm muscles responsible for  bending fingers tend to be better developed then those muscles responsible for extending fingers, and so if both sets of muscles try to contract because of an electric current conducted through the person’s arm, the “bending” muscles will win, clenching the fingers into a fist. If the conductor delivering the current to the victim faces the palm of his or her hand, this clenching acting will force the hand to grasp the wire firmly, thus worsening the situation by securing excellent 
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